| |
Correct
Consider
the following figure, derived from the examination of 95 patients
by Dubuisson and Melzack (1976).
Descriptions of pain are summarized for 8 clinical conditions.
The descriptors are grouped into four categories: sensory, affective,
evaluative, and temporal characteristics (Melzack
and Torgerson, 1971). Sensory qualities reflected temporal,
spatial, pressure and thermal properties; affective qualities
reflect tension and fear; temporal qualities provide insight into
the variation of the pain over time; and evaluative qualities
give a sense of the overall subjective intensity of the experience.
As one examines the descriptors used for a given clinical condition,
it is evident that each condition is characterized by more than
one word (referred to as "multiplicity"), that the particular
combination of words chosen is unique to each condition ("uniqueness"),
and some words are evident for more than one syndrome ("sharing")
(Simon et al., 1990).
| Table
4.1: A total of 95 patients suffering from one of eight
clinical pain syndromes offered these responses
to characterize the quality of the pain when presented
with a pain questionnaire.
|
|---|
| | Menstrual
Pain
| Arthritic
Pain
| Labor
Pain
| Disc
Disease
| Toothache
| Cancer
Pain
|
|---|
| Sensory
|
|
Gnawing
Aching
|
Pounding
Sharp
Cramping
Aching
Stabbing
|
Throbbing
Shooting
Sharp
Tender
|
Throbbing
Boring
Sharp
|
Shooting
Sharp
Gnawing
Burning
Heavy
|
|---|
| Affective
|
Tiring
Sickening
|
Exhausted
|
Tiring
Exhausting
Fearful
|
Tiring
Exhausting
|
Sickening
|
Exhausting
|
|---|
| Evaluative
|
|
Annoying
|
Intense
|
Unbearable
|
Annoying
|
Unbearable
|
|---|
| Temporal
|
Constant
|
Constant
Rhythmic
|
Rhythmic
|
Constant
Rhythmic
|
Constant
Rhythmic
|
Constant
Rhythmic
|
|---|
| Reprinted
from Dubuisson D, Melzack R. Classification of clinical
pain descriptions by multiple group discriminative analysis.
Exp Neurol. 1976;51:480-487, with permission from Elsevier. |
|
|