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Clinical Research on Dyspnea
Author Bios
What is Dyspnea?
What Provokes Dyspnea?
The Nature of Dyspnea
Language of Dyspnea
Clinical Application
Research Application
Variability in Sensations
Challenges in Study
Mechanical Loads and Sense of Effort
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Neuro-Mechanical Dissociation
Phase of Respiration and Dyspnea
Physiology of Dyspnea
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Measuring Dyspnea
Scaling Issues
Qualitative Aspects
Reliability and Validity Overview
Reliability and Validity
Sensitivity and Specificity
Currently selected section: Scales
Sensation vs. Perception vs. Symptom
Treating Dyspnea
Why Measure?
Cluster Analysis
Statistical vs. Clinical Significance
Standard Error of Measurement
Measuring Fatigue
Measuring Depression
Measuring Anxiety and Hyperventilation
Measuring Quality of Life
Conclusion

 

Chapter 23: Dyspnea: Sensitivity and Specificity of Dyspnea Scales
        

Discussions of the overall specificity and sensitivity of unidimensional dyspnea scores for determining the likelihood of disease are markedly limited. We are beginning to explore the sensitivity and specificity of dyspnea questionnaires as well as the predictive values of patient selections of descriptors. The sensitivity of the best, second best, and third best phrase that seems to capture the quality of the breathing discomfort in patients with COPD (0.93), interstitial lung disease (ILD) (0.93), or asthma (0.85) is high (Schwartzstein and Harver, unpublished data). On the other hand, specificity is low (0.16, 0.29, 0.31, respectively). The positive predictive value of "chest tightness" is 0.07 for COPD; 0.00 for interstitial lung disease; and 0.93 for asthma. The negative predictive value of "effort and work of breathing" for COPD, ILD, and asthma is 0.75, 0.81, and 0.49, respectively. Although preliminary, these data suggest that patient selections of descriptors are sensitive, demonstrate positive and negative predictive value, and may help determine competing diagnoses, or explanations, for complaints of dyspnea.

 

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