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The peripheral
chemoreceptors are located in the carotid bodies on each carotid
artery and in the aortic arch and respond to hypoxemia, hypercapnia,
and acidemia. The central chemoreceptors, located in the medulla,
respond to hypercapnia primarily through changes in pH. Stimulation
of the chemoreceptors by changes in arterial blood gases leads
to increases in ventilation. To the extent that an individual
experiences dyspnea with such changes, is he or she responding
to sensory information from the chemoreceptors or merely experiencing
the effort of breathing more vigorously?
Question
10.1
Would an individual
experience dyspnea with acute hypercapnia even if she were paralyzed
and there were no motor activity (the individual is being passively
ventilated with a mechanical ventilator)?
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