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Epidemiological Methods in Studies of Symptoms in Advanced Disease
Author Bios
Why Study Advanced Disease?
Why Epidemiology?
Incidence and Prevalence
Using Incidence and Prevalence
Definition of a Case
Defining Time, Place, Person
Types of Study Design
Cross-Sectional Studies
Longitudinal Studies
Measurement
Bias
Selection Bias
Measurement Bias
Presenting and Interpreting Results
Practical Example
Calculating Prevalence
Currently selected selection: Conclusion


Chapter 19: Epidemiological Methods in Studies of Symptoms in Advanced Disease: Conclusion and Future Priorities
        


Measuring symptoms is part of every clinician's work, hence this chapter is not aimed only at specialists. The challenge is to better measure these often neglected but vital aspects in care, in order to benefit clinical practice, research, and education. Epidemiological methods can improve the way that symptoms are assessed, discussed, recorded, and evaluated after treatment, and have the potential for improving patient and family care.

There are many priorities for future work in this relatively neglected area. Below are three which we consider to be particularly urgent.

  • Invest in research to find ways to better capture and describe symptoms. The methods should be quick, clinically relevant, and may be important in helping to assess the best treatments for some of our most difficult-to-manage symptoms, such as breathlessness.
  • Introduce systematic evaluation and repeat evaluation of symptoms into clinical practice. This might aid the detection of symptoms and improve the dialogue between patient and clinicians about symptoms.
  • Invest in and test ways to efficiently capture and analyse symptom assessment data. This might help clinicians review their practice and allow the comparison of symptom management in different settings and over time in order to identify most successful patterns of treatment and to generate hypotheses for future research.

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