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Somatization and Symptoms Evaluation
Author Bios
Introduction
Defining Somatization
Detecting Symptoms
Dimensions of Symptoms
Measuring Symptoms
Psychiatric Comorbidity
Interpreting Symptom Measures
Functional Syndromes and Symptoms
Currently selected section: Etiology of Symptoms
Levels of Etiological Certainty
Strengthening Etiological Classification
Confounding Etiological Factors
Symptoms and Patient Expectations
Interpreting Patient Responses
Measuring Multiple Symptoms
Global Rating of Change
Measuring Somatization
Measuring Other Domains
Conclusions


Etiology of Symptoms
        

Problem 9.1

Cardiologists at a university clinic review the reasons for referral over the past 5 years and discover palpitations to be one of the most common reasons, second only to chest pain. They decide to do a prospective study of the next 100 patients referred for palpitations.

The third patient has a 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring test performed along with a diary to record when palpitations are experienced. The results are:

  • Nonsustained runs of supraventricular tachycardia which are sometimes associated with palpitations, and sometimes not;
  • Episodes of palpitations (on the symptom diary) which are sometimes associated with supraventricular tachycardia and sometimes with normal sinus rhythm.

On a structured psychiatric interview, the patient also meets criteria for panic disorder and somatization disorder. The rest of the patient interview, physical examination, laboratory and cardiac evaluation is normal.

Question 9.1

The etiology of the patient's palpitations is most likely
Selection ACardiogenic (i.e. supraventricular tachycardia)
Selection B Psychogenic (i.e. panic disorder and/or somatization disorder)
Selection C Both cardiogenic and psychogenic
Selection D Uncertain


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