| |
In addition
to high physiological stress activation, evidence of high emotional
arousal has been repeatedly documented with insomnia. Insomnia
subjects score higher than people with good sleep on several scales
of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Additionally,
data from the two separate studies of the insomnia subtypes by
Bonnet and Arand, reveal higher scores on many of the scales of
the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as shown in the following chart.
| Table
3.6.1: Profile of Mood States Data (mean + SD)
|
|---|
| POMS
| Insomnia
PPI
| No
Insomnia
| P
Value
| Insomnia
SSM
| No
Insomnia
| P
Value
|
|---|
Tension
|
6.0
(5.8)
|
4.0
(3.8)
|
0.05
|
6.6
(5.5)
|
4.0
(3.8)
|
0.001
|
|---|
Depressed
mood
|
9.0
(11.8)
|
4.1
(5.3)
|
0.05
|
10.1
(8.6)
|
3.5
(6.4)
|
0.05
|
|---|
Anger
|
5.6
(9.0)
|
3.8
(4.7)
|
NS
|
6.8
(7.0)
|
3.2
(5.3)
|
0.05
|
|---|
Vigor
|
16.4
(6.7)
|
21.5
(7.5)
|
0.001
|
17.8
(8.5)
|
20.8
(6.6)
|
NS
|
|---|
Fatigue
|
5.7
(5.7)
|
3.6
(4.3)
|
NS
|
8.2
(5.2)
|
4.7
(4.7)
|
NS
|
|---|
| Confusion
|
5.4
(4.2)
|
3.1
(3.2)
|
0.01
|
7.2
(3.5)
|
3.1
(2.6)
|
0.001
|
|---|
|
The
previously mentioned Rosa
and Bonnet (2000) study on 177 people included 121 people,
presumably some with psychophysiological-type and some with sleep
state misperception-type insomnia and 56 people with no evidence
of insomnia. The subjects were screened to assure that the chronic
insomnia was not associated with clinical sleep disorders, psychiatric
problems, or substance abuse. Three consecutive nights of PSG
sleep were recorded and, as noted before, there was no significant
difference between people with and without insomnia in extent
of poor PSG sleep.
These
investigators also reported the following profiles regarding mood
state (as measured by POMS tension scores, higher scores = more
tension) and mental performance (measured by word recall scores,
higher scores = better performance) for subjects with and without
insomnia according to 0, 1, or 2 nights of poor PSG sleep (SE<85%).
| Figure
3.6.1: POMS Tension Scores by Number of Nights of Poor
PSG Sleep
|
|---|
|
|
| Source:
Rosa RR, Bonnet MH. Reported chronic insomnia is independent
of poor sleep as measured by electroencephalography.
Psychosomatic Medicine. 2000; 62:474-482. |
|
| Figure
3.6.2: Word Recall Scores by Number of Nights of Poor
PSG Sleep
|
|---|
|
|
| Source:
Rosa RR, Bonnet MH. Reported chronic insomnia is independent
of poor sleep as measured by electroencephalography.
Psychosomatic Medicine. 2000; 62:474-482. |
|
Sleep
latencies were measured in all subjects by a Multiple Sleep Latency
test. Data were as follows (p <.001):
| Table
3.6.2: Multiple Sleep Latency Test Data (mean +/- SD)
|
|---|
| MSLT
| O
nights of poor PSG sleep
| 1
night of poor PSG sleep
| 2
nights of poor PSG sleep
|
|---|
|
Minutes
|
10.37
+/- 4.33
|
13.09
+/- 4.19
|
15.03
+/- 3.31
|
|
|